Taking Your Invention to the Market

February 2, 2010

I have received inquiries about how to go about sourcing manufacturers, particularly early in the short run stage, both domestically and in China as well as how best navigate the route to market with one’s invention or product line.  Here are guidelines from inventor expert Bob Dematteis, whose inventions exceed $25 million a year to companies like Sears, Wal-Mart and Kroeger:

A smart inventor will build a team as soon as possible. The four principal team members will be you, a patent attorney, a manufacturing expert and a marketing expert. Again, keep in mind that sales generate income, which will generate profits or royalties. And, since inventors are usually not very good at sales, your marketing expert is the most important key member you will want on your team as early in development as possible.

An inventor can brainstorm the basic concept and even make a crude prototype. But prototyping should not be advanced without substantial input from the marketing expert. After all, this marketing expert (or group) is the one that is going to generate the sales. It makes no sense to spend your valuable time and money on developing an idea that no one wants to buy. Having the right marketing person on your team, at the earliest possible moment, will ensure that you will be developing your invention with all the right attributes. This marketing expert will provide valuable input into evaluating the invention and can even provide sales projections.

The simple flow chart below shows how the initial invention evaluation process dovetails with your patent protection process. You basically have three alternatives to start the patent protection process of an idea while it is being evaluated.

The first and best alternative is to evaluate your invention’s merits and its sales potential with an expert you know and trust. Second, if you do not know any trusted experts, you can use confidentiality agreements. Third, if you want to spend the extra money and speculate on having your invention ready for mass production and producing income in a year, you can file a simple, provisional patent application for as little as $75.

As you can imagine, many larger companies will not sign confidentiality agreements as a matter of policy. Filing a provisional patent application can replace the need to use confidentiality agreements and serves to protect your invention’s priority date (the date you file for patent protection). If you file a provisional application you can more openly talk to and interview those marketing experts working with larger companies. The downside of filing a provisional application at an early stage is that you will be incurring the higher costs of filing the regular patent a year later. One year is not necessarily a lot of time to build your team and fully develop your invention. But it should be adequate if you plan your development well.

All three methods are viable approaches for inventors and have their merits. You only need to determine which works best for you in your particular situation. To give you a little insight into my invention activities, I prefer to work either with those marketing experts I know and trust, or using confidentiality agreements with those I do not know well. Any company that will not sign one of my confidentiality agreements I will not consider as a viable team member. And, I will never sign one of their agreements, which invariably protects them a lot more than you.

Figure 6-1 Invention Evaluation – Patent Protection Flow Chart

In your pursuit of finding that key team member, a marketing expert, you will want to interview them based upon several factors. Just remember that some marketing experts will not have any interest in selling your invention and others will simply not have the ability. You would be wise to keep searching until you find just the right match.

If you receive a lukewarm response from one or more, don’t give up right away. Try to field, as many objections as possible from the interviewees to better understand why the objections exist. These problems can invariably become opportunities once they are resolved. Discuss the various alternatives with the expert.

Finding the right marketing expert for your team can quickly propel your efforts forward and can even encourage manufacturers to invest their resources to gear up to manufacture your new invention.

Smart marketing experts who understand the benefits to your invention and have the right contacts can pre-sell your product based upon some simple prototypes. Think about it… can your marketing expert get a commitment for an initial sample order of $20,000 [for instance]? Then it would be easy to assume that subsequent orders from others would probably total 10 times (or more) that amount. With pre-sold orders, it is a lot easier for your manufacturing team member to make a commitment to spend its resources and get the product launched and producing income.



How to Apply For a Business Loan

February 1, 2010

Here is some quick and straightforward advice on how to get a business loan today from Barbara Weltman. In today’s tough credit market, if you need a commercial loan to buy equipment or machinery or to expand your business, be prepared (and qualified) for the loan process.

Have the right numbers
While lending standards vary from bank to bank, the following is a good rule of thumb if you expect to get a commercial loan:

  • Business owner’s FICO score of 680 or better. Since small business owners must give their personal guarantee for loans to their business (with the possible exception of mortgages on business property), they must have a good FICO score.
  • Cash flow (or debt service) rate of 1.5. Figure the rate by dividing income by debt. Lenders want to see that income is at least 40% greater than debt to achieve a cash flow rate of at least 1.5 to serve the debt.
  • Net operating profit of 15% to 20%. Net operating profit is your gross profit less expenses (selling, general and administrative costs; interest; depreciation; etc.), including officer’s compensation, provision for bad debt, and other expenses. If your gross profit (net sales less the cost of goods sold) is $1 million, then your expenses should be no more than $800,000 to produce a net operating profit of $150,000 to $200,000.

These are not the only numbers that a lender will review. Be prepared to show a balance sheet with a favorable debt-to-equity ratio, a profit and loss statement, and any other financial documents requested by the lender.

Find the right loan program
Look for loan programs that make sense for your business. The Small Business Administration (SBA) increased its guarantee and waived fees on two of its popular loan programs — 7(a) and 504 — through the end of this month (legislation could extend this). Check with SBA lenders about these programs. Find a complete list of SBA loan programs here.

If you can’t qualify for an SBA loan (one that is guaranteed by the SBA but made through a commercial lender), consider alternative financing. Key options:

  • Vendor financing. If you need to buy inventory, machinery, or other items for your business, look to the seller for assistance. Vendor financing is typically short term and available on attractive terms.
  • Factoring. If you need cash quickly and are sitting on accounts receivable, use them to get the cash now. Factors can advance you cash based on your receivables and can usually arrange this payment to you within a few days. Your credit history is not taken into account in factoring. Learn about factoring from Smart Money SmallBiz. Find a factor through the International Factoring Association.
  • Credit card financing. If you need to buy something and expect to pay off the loan quickly, this is the easiest (though not the least costly) way to finance a purchase. Check with your credit card company for details; some cards, such as Chase’s Ink, let you choose which charges you’ll pay off immediately and which you’ll finance. View your credit card options at LowCards.

How To Conduct A Feasibility Analysis On Your Business Concept

January 12, 2010

Here is a robust checklist of considerations when conducting your feasibility analysis:

A. Industry analysis

-Is the industry growing?

-Who are the major competitors?

-Where are the opportunities in the industry?

-What are the trends & patterns of change in your industry?

-Are there successful and young companies in the industry?

-Are there any threats to the industry?

-What are the typical gross profit margins in the industry? (Revenues-cost of goods sold= $ left over to pay overhead)

B. Market Analysis

-Competitive Intelligence: Look at the following of your top competitors:

1. Management style of the company

2. Current market strategies

3. Unique features & benefits of their products

4. Their pricing strategy

5. Their customer mix

6. Their promotional mix

- Check information on public companies with Hoovers Online, Us. Securities & Exchange Commission, OneSource.

C. Customer Analysis

-Questions to answer your potential customers:

  1. What are their demographics?
  2. What are their buying habits?
  3. How do customers hear about your product? Do they buy based on TV ads, magazines, Internet advertising, word-of-mouth, referrals?
  4. How can our new product meet customer’s needs?

Manufacturer       Distributor     Retailer         Consumer

-The easiest way to identify the customer is to find out who pays you-follow the $

-You need to know as much about the end user as you do about the customer because you must convince the distributor that a market for the product exists and that the end user will buy enough products so that the distributor and retailer will profit. Thus, conduct the same research on the end user that you do on the distributor.

  1. Why will you buy this product? If not, why not?
  2. Why do you purchase in these locations?
  3. What would it take for you to purchase this product?

D. Forecasting Demand:

-          Use substitute product to gauge

-          Interview customers & intermediaries

-          Go into limited production with a test market

E. Product Development Analysis

Design Preparation/Prototype Building & Testing/Initial Test Production/ Ramp-Up & Mrkt Intrdctn

-****Make sure your exact product and your business name is not already patented (both can be verified on http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp or you can hire an intellectual property attorney to advise you on patents and trademarks in existence that could be problematic)***

- It is best to involve all parties in the process from the beginning:

  • Customer: By providing info on the product design and functionality you ensure they get what they need.
  • Engineering: Uses comprehensive product info. To design the product correctly the first time.
  • Finance: Follow production costs and warns developers if they are choosing a component or cost that will be too costly in the final product.
  • Manufacturing: Makes sure a viable process for producing the product exists.
  • Marketing: Keeps tabs on the marketplace to ensure that the product is well accepted when it is launched.
  • Purchasing:  Establishes reliable relationships with vendors to ensure that they deliver parts on time.

The feedback that you want to solicit from all these parties is:

-          What makes the product better & easier to manufacture?

-          What does the marketplace think of the product?

-          What improves the product, its components & the way it is built?

-          How reliable is the product? Are any parts less reliable than others?

-          Are customers satisfied with the prototype?

-          How will you service the product?

-          How will you handle complaints?

-          How will you get positive publicity for the product?

  • Suggestions For Overcoming Scarce Resources:

-          Begin with the product that will bring you the greatest ROI.

** Focus your energies on what you do well & outsource everything else **

-          Don’t try to manufacture products that others already do very well.

-          Purchase off the shelf parts and components, when possible

-          Research job shops that work with entrepreneurs regularly and use them.

  • Designing Correctly

-Start with a good product definition

-Ask customers what they need, expect & want

- Deploy quality function

- Design for manufacturability:

-Minimize the # of parts (and electrical cables)

- Simplify components & use common or standard parts

- Design parts with symmetry

- Make parts independently replaceable

- Eliminate adjustments of manufacturing equipment, fasteners & jigs

  • Sourcing Your Materials:

-          Materials & costs account for about 50% of total manufacturing costs.

-          Best to purchase 80% of your parts from main vendor & 20% from a backup.

-Questions To Ask When Looking For The Best Vendors:

-          Can this vendor deliver what I need when I need it?

-          How much will freight cost using this vendor?

-          What services does the vendor provide?

-          Is the vendor familiar with the product lines I am using?

-          What are the vendor’s maintenance & return policies?


Building The Foundation For Your Business Enterprise

January 5, 2010

In honor of the new decade that is upon us, I wanted to share some key suggestions for those of you who have recently decided that 2010 is the year that you are going to bring your business dream to life. (My phone has been ringing off the hook this week with just these people.) Fantastic!  This outline was produced by Kelly O’Neil, a fellow ‘coachsultant’ of UpLevel Strategies based in Silicon Valley.  A few suggestions to help you get started:

1) Decide What Type Of Business Owner You Want To Be?

a) A Service Business: You want to be paid well for what you do well. You don’t envision needing to hire a team.

b) An Entrepreneurial Business: You have a big vision and you want to make a big impact. You do see a need for a team to help you reach your goals.

c) An Empire Business (Company): You will need to align with other leaders to create it. It will require highly leveraged teams and high ticket services.

2) Treat Your Business As An Asset:

a) Get Incorporated: Enlist as a LLC, S-Corp or C-Corp for tax advantages and protection against lawsuits.

b) Get Insured: Check with a qualified agent about errors & omission, personal liability, SDI (disability insurance) and property insurance.

c) Set Up An Accounting System: Hire a bookkeeper, get set up on Quickbooks, run monthly reports on cash flow, income statement and balance sheet. Track your ROI.

d) Set Up Your Technology System: Use Grasshopper.com (a virtual phone system designed for entrepreneurs), take credit cards with Nova Information Systems, do not use AOL, MSN or Hotmail.

e) Build Your Success Team: Coach/Advisory Board; Legal/Accounting/Insurance; Marketing; Technology; Administrative Assistant, (Web Designer, Marketer, Manufacturer, Product Designer, Branding Expert).

3) Create A Cash Flow Infusion: What is easy to offer? Create a package with a low barrier to entry and decide how many you will sell.

4) Creative Funding: Produce more sales, lenders, SBA loans, 401K.(next blog will be on funding strategies)

What else was essential for you getting your venture off the ground? Some other key issues to establish:

5) Creating Your Brand: DIY and test it with your target market, or hire a branding expert

6) Web Design/Presence: Hire a web developer.

7) Sales & Marketing: How will clients find out about you? Hire a marketing/PR professional.

8) Distribution: Product-Service Delivery

9) Manufacturing Sources


Top 10 Lessons I Learned in ’09 While Starting My Own Business…

December 30, 2009

Patience, Patience, Patience. Keep in mind that the ultimate vision that I am building towards will be my life journey and not an overnight transformation.

Just Be Me. 99.9% of the time, someone is already offering the same product or service that we are now selling. What differentiates me from my competitors is my authentic signature brand.

It’s A Family Affair. The risks, costs and rewards that are incurred in my business venture involve my entire family so I have learned to involve them in any strategy and decision making processes.

Know When To Hold ‘Em, Know When To Fold ‘Em. Evaluate my revenue model regularly and be sure to constantly adapt so that I am spending my time and resources on my most profitable activities.

Adopt A Platform Building Mentality. Construction begins in 2010.

Take Time To Get Inspired. I uncover my greatest ideas and solutions when I am swimming or running, not when I am staring at my laptop and forcing the process.

To The Market We Go! Determine what forms of marketing I can and will do myself and hire someone to manage that which I don’t enjoy. Love it or hate it, either way, we all must embrace social media but be cautious not to lose ourselves in it.

Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained. #1 way to build my business is through public and private speaking opportunities. Get out of the office and behind the podiums as much as possible.

Prioritize Your Priorities. It sounds so obvious, but now that I am blessed to have a husband and a four month old baby-I am amazed at the challenge of focusing on what needs to get done and what would be  ‘nice’ to get done for my business,  for our family and for myself-each day.

Educate, Entertain, Inspire. By doing these three things for current and future clients, I am slowly but most definitely growing the business of my dreams.

**********************************************************************************************************


You’ve got a business plan don’t you?

December 4, 2009

40% of small businesses fail within the first year and of those who survive 80% close their doors within 5 years (Michael Gerber, The E-Myth Revisited).  Gerber explains that the overarching reason that this pattern persists is because talented ‘technicians’ decide to begin their own business banking on their proven talent and do not plan for the equally demanding roles as an entrepreneur and a manager.  On the flip side, 75% of franchises succeed at five years. How can this enormous discrepancy be explained? Gerber asserts that it is the standardization of operations, sales, personnel management, etc. that sets the majority of franchise owners up for survival and success.  So, what’s the takeaway?

First, I highly suggest that all of my clients read this gem of a book.  It will change your entrepreneurial world FOREVER. ‘The E-Myth Revisited: Why Most Small Businesses Don’t Work and What to Do About It.’

Secondly, I suggest revisiting, or for some finally writing a business plan.  Here is a general outline of a business plan from the Small Business Association:

I. The Business
A. Description of business
B. Marketing
C. Competition
D. Operating procedures
E. Personnel
F. Business insurance

II. Financial Data
A. Loan applications
B. Capital equipment and supply list
C. Balance sheet
D. Breakeven analysis
E. Pro-forma income projections (profit & loss statements)
F. Three-year summary
G. Detail by month, first year
H. Detail by quarters, second and third years
I. Assumptions upon which projections were based
J.  Pro-forma cash flow

III. Supporting Documents
A. Tax returns of principals for last three years Personal financial
statement (all banks have these forms)
B. For franchised businesses, a copy of franchise contract and all
supporting documents provided by the franchisor
C. Copy of proposed lease or purchase agreement for building space
D. Copy of licenses and other legal documents
E. Copy of resumes of all principals
F. Copies of letters of intent from suppliers, etc.

Thirdly, the ‘manager’ role is typically the more challenging role for many of my clients. Mastering the art of managing not only themselves but their employees in order to run their business at an optimal level requires a call to leadership that many have not had to answer before. I will write further on this topic next week, for now, go get your copy of the E-Myth. If you do not find it enormously helpful, I will offer you a refund. Happy reading!


Strategy Execution

May 27, 2009

COBRA: The X Factor in Strategy Execution

COBRA: The X Factor in Strategy Execution by Patrick D. Curran (my father) is a long overdue book on a critically important issue–optimizing strategy execution in a competitive global marketplace. COBRA was developed over 30 years of working with clients in the fast-moving consumer goods industry. Here are the key ideas:

* To prosper in turbulent times, you need a strategy that exploits current and emerging opportunities (an aligned strategy) and an organization that can execute the strategy (an aligned organization).
* More companies fail from faulty execution than from faulty strategy.
* When the organization cannot execute the strategy, three factors explain most of the problems most of the time: the structure, the system and the culture—what we call the 3 Points of Pressure.
* When not aligned, the 3 Point of Pressure form disruptive boundaries that block the flow of information, expertise and energy–execution suffers and strategy fails.
* COBRA (Crossing Organizational Boundaries Reinforcing Alignments) is a guided process for aligning the organization with the strategy, so that execution can be optimized.

3 Points of Pressure

1. The System is the great flywheel of execution.

The best performance management systems have five components working together like the fingers of a hand:
5 components of performance management systems: Strategy, Key Indicators, Tracking, Coaching, Review.
They are simple in design and disciplined in execution: operating within and across functional lines, focusing on both internal productivity and customer satisfaction. It is remarkable, how often the system can breakdown by becoming too complex, too centralized, or too slow.

2. The Structure can be-a roadblock or an expressway to market.

The following factors need to be aligned with the strategy to optimize execution:

* Formal Structure: Does it provide both economies of scale and customer satisfaction?
* Boundary Mgmt.: Are boundaries between functions/levels deliberately managed?
* Core Processes: Are core business processes efficient and effective?
* Bridging Structures: Are bridging structures used to deal with complex issues?

3. The Culture can foster passion and purpose or conflict and entitlement.
The following cultural factors need to be aligned with the strategy to optimize execution:

* Leadership
* Vision & Values
* Norms
* Core Competencies

This book is now available for review and purchase at Amazon.com.  For further information on the author, Patrick D. Curran, please go to www.cobra-scan.com.


Building Your Personal Power Bank

May 20, 2009

piggy-bank

A key to successfully managing your career, your business or your employees is building your personal power bank. Understanding and utilizing this sphere of influence will prove to be invaluable in solving problems, gaining needed information and in coaching your employees.

In Bases of Power, author M.F. Rogers distinguishes position power and personal power.  He describes position power as the extent to which one has rewards, punishment and sanctions to bring to bear in influencing others.  This type of power typically is established by one’s organization and is the scope of one’s authority.  On the other hand, personal power is described as the extent to which one gains the confidence and trust of people that they are attempting to influence. This type of power is earned from others and must be exercised in order for it to sustain itself or it will deteriorate.

 Five contributing factors that determine the strength of your personal power are:

 1)      Personal Attributes: The manner in which you present yourself, your drive and the trust and credibility that you have build with others.

 2)      Demonstrated Competence: Your reputation as an expert in your industry, your ‘track record’ for getting things done both technically and as a leader.

 3)      Working Relationships: The quality of relationships that you build, your ability to maintain open communication and understand other’s needs and requirements.

 4)      Group Norms and Agreements: The benchmark understanding and belief system of your group, which can be blamed in bad times and praised in good times.

 5)      Exchange of Favors: Your willingness to provide others with what they need with the expectation that they will return the favor.

In the Harvard Business Review article, ‘How Bell Labs Creates Star Performers’, it was uncovered that internal and interpersonal skills were the more accurate predictor of their star performers versus IQ or academic talent.  Secondly, they learned that a balance of networking was crucial to those star performers individual success quotient.  Once their engineers achieved expertise as a technician they were instructed to inform and make themselves available throughout their network.  Their offerings then served as bargaining chips to receive and call upon their colleague’s expertise.  While average performers loose valuable time waiting for inquiries back from their colleagues when stumped on a technical question, star performers expeditiously tap their constructed network.

 How strong and dynamic is your own personal power bank? If you do not have your own networks established like the engineers at Bell Labs to call on when you or your business is in need; work on building your own business ‘life-lines’ today.  Be sure to maintain a healthy balance between your deposits and your withdrawals!

  


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